中国城乡地区建模差分应力表达可以更好地了解城市化对心理福祉的影响，在过去二十年中迅速发展的国家。本文研究了使用等级混合效应模型从329个县中超过65,000名用户在中国城乡压力的经验和表达的语言差异。我们分析了微博职位中的短语，题目主题和心理语言学的选择，提及压力，以更好地了解中国城乡社区心理压力的评价差异;然后我们将它们与盖子的大规模民意调查进行了比较。在控制社会经济和性别差异之后，我们发现农村社区倾向于表达情感和个人主题，如关系，健康和机会，而在城市地区的用户使用相对，时间和外部主题，如工作，政治和经济学。这些差异存在于对GDP和城市化的控制之外，表明在非常具体的环境中农村和城市居民之间的基本不同的生活方式，可以说是具有不同的压力来源。我们在盖洛普民意调查中找到了与城市化的身体，金融和社会健康的腐败趋势。

黑人生活问题（BLM）是一项分散的社会运动，抗议对黑人个人和社区的暴力行为，重点是警察暴力。 2020年，艾哈迈德·阿贝里（Ahmaud Arbery），布雷纳·泰勒（Breonna Taylor）和乔治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）的杀害后，该运动引起了人们的关注。#BlackLivesMatter社交媒体标签已经代表了基层运动，并以类似的标签来抗议BLM运动，例如#AllllivesMatter和#allllivesmatter和#allllivesmatter，以及#bluelivesmatter。我们介绍了来自100多个国家 /地区的1,300万用户的6390万推文的数据集，其中包含以下关键字之一：BlackLivesMatter，AlllivesMatter和BluelivesMatter。该数据集包含从2013年BLM运动开始到2021年的所有当前可用推文。我们总结了数据集并显示了使用BlackLivesMatter关键字和与反向运动相关的关键字的时间趋势。此外，对于每个关键字，我们创建并发布了一组潜在的Dirichlet分配（LDA）主题（即自动聚集了语义上共同共的单词的组），以帮助研究人员识别这三个关键字的语言模式。

由政策引起的马尔可夫链的混合时间限制了现实世界持续学习场景中的性能。然而，混合时间对持续增强学习学习（RL）的影响仍然是曝光率。在本文中，我们表征了长期兴趣的问题，以通过混合时间调用可扩展的MDP来发展持续的RL。特别是，我们建立可扩展的MDP具有与问题的大小相等的混合时间。我们继续证明，多项式混合时间对现有方法产生显着困难，并提出了一种基于模型的算法，通过新颖的引导程序直接优化平均奖励来加速学习。最后，我们对我们提出的方法进行了实证遗憾分析，展示了对基线的清晰改进，以及如何使用可缩放的MDP来分析RL算法作为混合时间规模。

Implicit Neural Representations (INR) have recently shown to be powerful tool for high-quality video compression. However, existing works are limiting as they do not explicitly exploit the temporal redundancy in videos, leading to a long encoding time. Additionally, these methods have fixed architectures which do not scale to longer videos or higher resolutions. To address these issues, we propose NIRVANA, which treats videos as groups of frames and fits separate networks to each group performing patch-wise prediction. This design shares computation within each group, in the spatial and temporal dimensions, resulting in reduced encoding time of the video. The video representation is modeled autoregressively, with networks fit on a current group initialized using weights from the previous group's model. To further enhance efficiency, we perform quantization of the network parameters during training, requiring no post-hoc pruning or quantization. When compared with previous works on the benchmark UVG dataset, NIRVANA improves encoding quality from 37.36 to 37.70 (in terms of PSNR) and the encoding speed by 12X, while maintaining the same compression rate. In contrast to prior video INR works which struggle with larger resolution and longer videos, we show that our algorithm is highly flexible and scales naturally due to its patch-wise and autoregressive designs. Moreover, our method achieves variable bitrate compression by adapting to videos with varying inter-frame motion. NIRVANA achieves 6X decoding speed and scales well with more GPUs, making it practical for various deployment scenarios.

Context is vital for commonsense moral reasoning. "Lying to a friend" is wrong if it is meant to deceive them, but may be morally okay if it is intended to protect them. Such nuanced but salient contextual information can potentially flip the moral judgment of an action. Thus, we present ClarifyDelphi, an interactive system that elicits missing contexts of a moral situation by generating clarification questions such as "Why did you lie to your friend?". Our approach is inspired by the observation that questions whose potential answers lead to diverging moral judgments are the most informative. We learn to generate questions using Reinforcement Learning, by maximizing the divergence between moral judgements of hypothetical answers to a question. Human evaluation shows that our system generates more relevant, informative and defeasible questions compared to other question generation baselines. ClarifyDelphi assists informed moral reasoning processes by seeking additional morally consequential context to disambiguate social and moral situations.

Pre-trained language models, despite their rapid advancements powered by scale, still fall short of robust commonsense capabilities. And yet, scale appears to be the winning recipe; after all, the largest models seem to have acquired the largest amount of commonsense capabilities. Or is it? In this paper, we investigate the possibility of a seemingly impossible match: can smaller language models with dismal commonsense capabilities (i.e., GPT-2), ever win over models that are orders of magnitude larger and better (i.e., GPT-3), if the smaller models are powered with novel commonsense distillation algorithms? The key intellectual question we ask here is whether it is possible, if at all, to design a learning algorithm that does not benefit from scale, yet leads to a competitive level of commonsense acquisition. In this work, we study the generative models of commonsense knowledge, focusing on the task of generating generics, statements of commonsense facts about everyday concepts, e.g., birds can fly. We introduce a novel commonsense distillation framework, I2D2, that loosely follows the Symbolic Knowledge Distillation of West et al. but breaks the dependence on the extreme-scale models as the teacher model by two innovations: (1) the novel adaptation of NeuroLogic Decoding to enhance the generation quality of the weak, off-the-shelf language models, and (2) self-imitation learning to iteratively learn from the model's own enhanced commonsense acquisition capabilities. Empirical results suggest that scale is not the only way, as novel algorithms can be a promising alternative. Moreover, our study leads to a new corpus of generics, Gen-A-Tomic, that is of the largest and highest quality available to date.

Metric learning aims to learn distances from the data, which enhances the performance of similarity-based algorithms. An author style detection task is a metric learning problem, where learning style features with small intra-class variations and larger inter-class differences is of great importance to achieve better performance. Recently, metric learning based on softmax loss has been used successfully for style detection. While softmax loss can produce separable representations, its discriminative power is relatively poor. In this work, we propose NBC-Softmax, a contrastive loss based clustering technique for softmax loss, which is more intuitive and able to achieve superior performance. Our technique meets the criterion for larger number of samples, thus achieving block contrastiveness, which is proven to outperform pair-wise losses. It uses mini-batch sampling effectively and is scalable. Experiments on 4 darkweb social forums, with NBCSAuthor that uses the proposed NBC-Softmax for author and sybil detection, shows that our negative block contrastive approach constantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods using the same network architecture. Our code is publicly available at : https://github.com/gayanku/NBC-Softmax

Fusing camera with LiDAR is a promising technique to improve the accuracy of 3D detection due to the complementary physical properties. While most existing methods focus on fusing camera features directly with raw LiDAR point clouds or shallow 3D features, it is observed that direct deep 3D feature fusion achieves inferior accuracy due to feature misalignment. The misalignment that originates from the feature aggregation across large receptive fields becomes increasingly severe for deep network stages. In this paper, we propose PathFusion to enable path-consistent LiDAR-camera deep feature fusion. PathFusion introduces a path consistency loss between shallow and deep features, which encourages the 2D backbone and its fusion path to transform 2D features in a way that is semantically aligned with the transform of the 3D backbone. We apply PathFusion to the prior-art fusion baseline, Focals Conv, and observe more than 1.2\% mAP improvements on the nuScenes test split consistently with and without testing-time augmentations. Moreover, PathFusion also improves KITTI AP3D (R11) by more than 0.6% on moderate level.

With advances in deep learning model training strategies, the training of Point cloud classification methods is significantly improving. For example, PointNeXt, which adopts prominent training techniques and InvResNet layers into PointNet++, achieves over 7% improvement on the real-world ScanObjectNN dataset. However, most of these models use point coordinates features of neighborhood points mapped to higher dimensional space while ignoring the neighborhood point features computed before feeding to the network layers. In this paper, we revisit the PointNeXt model to study the usage and benefit of such neighborhood point features. We train and evaluate PointNeXt on ModelNet40 (synthetic), ScanObjectNN (real-world), and a recent large-scale, real-world grocery dataset, i.e., 3DGrocery100. In addition, we provide an additional inference strategy of weight averaging the top two checkpoints of PointNeXt to improve classification accuracy. Together with the abovementioned ideas, we gain 0.5%, 1%, 4.8%, 3.4%, and 1.6% overall accuracy on the PointNeXt model with real-world datasets, ScanObjectNN (hardest variant), 3DGrocery100's Apple10, Fruits, Vegetables, and Packages subsets, respectively. We also achieve a comparable 0.2% accuracy gain on ModelNet40.

Emerging real-time multi-model ML (RTMM) workloads such as AR/VR and drone control often involve dynamic behaviors in various levels; task, model, and layers (or, ML operators) within a model. Such dynamic behaviors are new challenges to the system software in an ML system because the overall system load is unpredictable unlike traditional ML workloads. Also, the real-time processing requires to meet deadlines, and multi-model workloads involve highly heterogeneous models. As RTMM workloads often run on resource-constrained devices (e.g., VR headset), developing an effective scheduler is an important research problem. Therefore, we propose a new scheduler, SDRM3, that effectively handles various dynamicity in RTMM style workloads targeting multi-accelerator systems. To make scheduling decisions, SDRM3 quantifies the unique requirements for RTMM workloads and utilizes the quantified scores to drive scheduling decisions, considering the current system load and other inference jobs on different models and input frames. SDRM3 has tunable parameters that provide fast adaptivity to dynamic workload changes based on a gradient descent-like online optimization, which typically converges within five steps for new workloads. In addition, we also propose a method to exploit model level dynamicity based on Supernet for exploiting the trade-off between the scheduling effectiveness and model performance (e.g., accuracy), which dynamically selects a proper sub-network in a Supernet based on the system loads. In our evaluation on five realistic RTMM workload scenarios, SDRM3 reduces the overall UXCost, which is a energy-delay-product (EDP)-equivalent metric for real-time applications defined in the paper, by 37.7% and 53.2% on geometric mean (up to 97.6% and 97.1%) compared to state-of-the-art baselines, which shows the efficacy of our scheduling methodology.